Total Views: cmd
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
| # 环境变量的增删改查
set
set Path
set Path=xxx
set Path=%Path%;xxx
set Path=
|
windows powershell 5
windows自带 shell
powershell7
跨平台shell， 需要商店单独安装
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
| # 环境变量的增删改查
ls env:
ls env:MY_VAR*
$env:MY_VAR
$env:MY_VAR = "InitialValue"
$env:MY_VAR += ";new_value"
rm env:MY_VAR
|
查看自带缩写
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
| gal
位于命令管道位置 1 的 cmdlet Invoke-WebRequest
请为以下参数提供值:
Uri:
PS C:\Users\xxx> gal
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias % -> ForEach-Object
Alias ? -> Where-Object
Alias ac -> Add-Content
Alias asnp -> Add-PSSnapin
Alias cat -> Get-Content
Alias cd -> Set-Location
Alias CFS -> ConvertFrom-String 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
Alias chdir -> Set-Location
Alias clc -> Clear-Content
Alias clear -> Clear-Host
Alias clhy -> Clear-History
Alias cli -> Clear-Item
Alias clp -> Clear-ItemProperty
Alias cls -> Clear-Host
Alias clv -> Clear-Variable
Alias cnsn -> Connect-PSSession
Alias compare -> Compare-Object
Alias copy -> Copy-Item
Alias cp -> Copy-Item
Alias cpi -> Copy-Item
Alias cpp -> Copy-ItemProperty
Alias curl -> Invoke-WebRequest
Alias cvpa -> Convert-Path
Alias dbp -> Disable-PSBreakpoint
Alias del -> Remove-Item
Alias diff -> Compare-Object
Alias dir -> Get-ChildItem
Alias dnsn -> Disconnect-PSSession
Alias ebp -> Enable-PSBreakpoint
Alias echo -> Write-Output
Alias epal -> Export-Alias
Alias epcsv -> Export-Csv
Alias epsn -> Export-PSSession
Alias erase -> Remove-Item
Alias etsn -> Enter-PSSession
Alias exsn -> Exit-PSSession
Alias fc -> Format-Custom
Alias fhx -> Format-Hex 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
Alias fl -> Format-List
Alias foreach -> ForEach-Object
Alias ft -> Format-Table
Alias fw -> Format-Wide
Alias gal -> Get-Alias
Alias gbp -> Get-PSBreakpoint
Alias gc -> Get-Content
Alias gcb -> Get-Clipboard 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management
Alias gci -> Get-ChildItem
Alias gcm -> Get-Command
Alias gcs -> Get-PSCallStack
Alias gdr -> Get-PSDrive
Alias ghy -> Get-History
Alias gi -> Get-Item
Alias gin -> Get-ComputerInfo 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management
Alias gjb -> Get-Job
Alias gl -> Get-Location
Alias gm -> Get-Member
Alias gmo -> Get-Module
Alias gp -> Get-ItemProperty
Alias gps -> Get-Process
Alias gpv -> Get-ItemPropertyValue
Alias group -> Group-Object
Alias gsn -> Get-PSSession
Alias gsnp -> Get-PSSnapin
Alias gsv -> Get-Service
Alias gtz -> Get-TimeZone 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management
Alias gu -> Get-Unique
Alias gv -> Get-Variable
Alias gwmi -> Get-WmiObject
Alias h -> Get-History
Alias history -> Get-History
Alias icm -> Invoke-Command
Alias iex -> Invoke-Expression
Alias ihy -> Invoke-History
Alias ii -> Invoke-Item
Alias ipal -> Import-Alias
Alias ipcsv -> Import-Csv
Alias ipmo -> Import-Module
Alias ipsn -> Import-PSSession
Alias irm -> Invoke-RestMethod
Alias ise -> powershell_ise.exe
Alias iwmi -> Invoke-WmiMethod
Alias iwr -> Invoke-WebRequest
Alias kill -> Stop-Process
Alias lp -> Out-Printer
Alias ls -> Get-ChildItem
Alias man -> help
Alias md -> mkdir
Alias measure -> Measure-Object
Alias mi -> Move-Item
Alias mount -> New-PSDrive
Alias move -> Move-Item
Alias mp -> Move-ItemProperty
Alias mv -> Move-Item
Alias nal -> New-Alias
Alias ndr -> New-PSDrive
Alias ni -> New-Item
Alias nmo -> New-Module
Alias npssc -> New-PSSessionConfigurationFile
Alias nsn -> New-PSSession
Alias nv -> New-Variable
Alias ogv -> Out-GridView
Alias oh -> Out-Host
Alias popd -> Pop-Location
Alias ps -> Get-Process
Alias pushd -> Push-Location
Alias pwd -> Get-Location
Alias r -> Invoke-History
Alias rbp -> Remove-PSBreakpoint
Alias rcjb -> Receive-Job
Alias rcsn -> Receive-PSSession
Alias rd -> Remove-Item
Alias rdr -> Remove-PSDrive
Alias ren -> Rename-Item
Alias ri -> Remove-Item
Alias rjb -> Remove-Job
Alias rm -> Remove-Item
Alias rmdir -> Remove-Item
Alias rmo -> Remove-Module
Alias rni -> Rename-Item
Alias rnp -> Rename-ItemProperty
Alias rp -> Remove-ItemProperty
Alias rsn -> Remove-PSSession
Alias rsnp -> Remove-PSSnapin
Alias rujb -> Resume-Job
Alias rv -> Remove-Variable
Alias rvpa -> Resolve-Path
Alias rwmi -> Remove-WmiObject
Alias sajb -> Start-Job
Alias sal -> Set-Alias
Alias saps -> Start-Process
Alias sasv -> Start-Service
Alias sbp -> Set-PSBreakpoint
Alias sc -> Set-Content
Alias scb -> Set-Clipboard 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management
Alias select -> Select-Object
Alias set -> Set-Variable
Alias shcm -> Show-Command
Alias si -> Set-Item
Alias sl -> Set-Location
Alias sleep -> Start-Sleep
Alias sls -> Select-String
Alias sort -> Sort-Object
Alias sp -> Set-ItemProperty
Alias spjb -> Stop-Job
Alias spps -> Stop-Process
Alias spsv -> Stop-Service
Alias start -> Start-Process
Alias stz -> Set-TimeZone 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management
Alias sujb -> Suspend-Job
Alias sv -> Set-Variable
Alias swmi -> Set-WmiInstance
Alias tee -> Tee-Object
Alias trcm -> Trace-Command
Alias type -> Get-Content
Alias wget -> Invoke-WebRequest
Alias where -> Where-Object
Alias wjb -> Wait-Job
Alias write -> Write-Output
|
自动关联系统默认程序，快速打开
windows 命令行安装工具
1
2
3
4
5
| scoop help
scoop install git
winget help
winget install git
|
windows port
https://blog.csdn.net/zt15732625878/article/details/80904437
WSL2 当主开发环境
优势
秒级启动：比虚拟机快 10 倍，资源占用低
所有开发：全在 Linux 里跑
效果是：
使用领域
无缝协作：Windows 跑 IDE/浏览器/微信，WSL 跑服务/构建，剪贴板/网络互通
flowchart LR
subgraph W[Windows 主机]
A[VS Code / IDE
（作为代码编辑器前端）]
B[Windows 资源管理器
（用于文件拖放）]
C[Windows 终端]
end
subgraph L[WSL2 Linux 子系统]
D[Linux 文件系统
（存放所有项目代码）]
E[Node.js, Python, Java
等开发工具链]
F[Docker Engine
（容器化运行环境）]
end
A -- “通过 VS Code
Remote - WSL 扩展连接” --> L
B -- “通过 \\\\wsl$ 网络位置
访问与传输文件” --> D
C -- “运行 wsl 命令进入” --> L
D <-->|高速读写| E
E <-->|构建与运行| F
安装
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
| # 设置默认版本为2
wsl --set-default-version 2
# 安装
wsl --install
sudo apt install -y git curl wget vim net-tools zip unzip
# uv
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
# nvm
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash
nvm install --lts
|
开关
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
| # 查看
wsl -l -v
# 启动默认
wsl
#启动某一个发行版
wsl -d Ubuntu
# 只关掉某一个发行版
wsl --terminate Ubuntu-22.04
# 全部关掉
wsl --shutdown
|
配置
C:\Users\你的用户名.wslconfig
1
2
3
4
5
6
| [wsl2]
memory=12GB # 限制最大占用内存，别给太多
processors=6 # 限制 CPU 核心数
swap=8GB # 限制交换空间
guiApplications=false # 如果不需要 Linux GUI 软件，关掉它省资源
localhostForwarding=true
|
可以在 .wslconfig 中开启 networkingMode=mirrored。这样 WSL2 和 Windows 共享 IP 端口，彻底解决代理和 localhost 访问难题。
Linux 内创建 /etc/wsl.conf（启用 systemd）：
重启 WSL 后，执行 systemctl status 验证可用性（MySQL/Redis 等服务可 systemctl 管理）
目录互通
从Windows访问Linux文件: \wsl$
从Linux访问Windows文件: /mnt/c/
C 盘：/mnt/c
D 盘：/mnt/d
代码
安装 Windows Terminal → 添加 WSL 配置，设置为默认终端
1
2
| # 里面有settings.json, 出问题可以删除，使用默认配置
C:\Users\xxxx\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState
|
项目代码必须放在 WSL 内部路径（如 /home/user/projects），绝对不要放在 /mnt/c/ 下开发
在WSL2终端中，进入你的项目目录（例如 cd ~/projects/my-app），然后输入 code . 命令。这会在Windows端自动启动VS Code，并将整个开发环境“附加”到WSL2中，所有插件和终端都将在Linux环境下运行
docker
用 Docker Desktop
点鲸鱼图标 → Settings（齿轮） → Resources → WSL Integration
点 Apply & Restart（它会重启 Docker 引擎，几秒钟）
不用 Docker Desktop
1
2
3
4
5
| sudo apt install -y docker.io docker-compose-plugin
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
|
1
| sudo usermod -aG docker $USER # 退出重进生效
|
验证：docker run hello-world
导入导出
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
| # 导出到 tar 文件
wsl --export Ubuntu Ubuntu-backup.tar
# 导出为压缩格式（节省空间）
wsl --export Ubuntu Backup-ubuntu.tar.gz
# 恢复（换电脑/重装系统时）
wsl --import Ubuntu D:\WSL\Ubuntu D:\backup\ubuntu.tar
wsl --import MyDevEnv D:\wsl\MyDevEnv D:\backups\wsl-ubuntu-20240601.tar --version 2
|
导入后默认是root，需要设置用户
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
| # 进入 WSL
wsl -d Ubuntu-New
# 创建 /etc/wsl.conf
sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
# 添加内容：
[user]
default=你的用户名
# 保存后退出 WSL，然后重启
wsl --terminate Ubuntu-New
|
zsh
1
2
3
| sudo apt install -y zsh
# 安装 oh-my-zsh（自动设置 zsh 为默认 shell）
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
| # 可选：安装插件（语法高亮、自动补全）
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
# 编辑 .zshrc，启用插件
vim ~/.zshrc
plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions)
|
1
2
3
| # 修改默认shell
chsh -s /bin/bash
chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh
|